In Gesamtbetriebsrat der Kühne & Nagel AG & Co KG v Kühne & Nagel AG & Co KG, the ECJ holds that articles 4(1) and 11(1) of the European Works Councils Directive require that where the central management of a Community-scale group of undertakings is not located in one of the EU member states, the responsibility for providing the employees' representatives with the information essential to the opening of negotiations for the establishment of a European Works Council lies with the deemed central management.