In South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council v Graham, the EAT holds that a "local agreement", for the purposes of the National Joint Council for Local Government Employees' collective bargaining agreement, should be construed as meaning either an agreement by all the locally recognised trade unions, or an agreement that has been determined by a process agreed by all the recognised unions.
In Glendale Managed Services v Graham and others the Court of Appeal holds that a transferee employer of a local authority undertaking was under a contractual obligation to increase an employee's pay in accordance with nationally agreed rates.
In Henry and others v London General Transport Services Ltd, the Court of Appeal holds that, whereas clear evidence is required that a custom and practice has been incorporated into individual contracts of employment by virtue of the collective bargaining between an employer and the recognised trade union, such a custom and practice, once established, can be expected to cover all contractual terms.
In Harris v Richard Lawson Autologistics Ltd, the Court of Appeal holds that a shop steward had apparent or ostensible authority to negotiate an agreement on holiday pay on behalf of TGWU members he represented, notwithstanding that, on the assumed facts of the case, the agreement was not put to the members, and was concluded in contravention of TGWU standing instructions.